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The Ukraine Support Act () would state U.S. policy supporting the sovereignty and territorial integrity of a democratic Ukraine, and in condemning Russia's armed invasion of Ukraine and its illegal occupation of Crimea.〔 The bill would offer loan guarantees, offer various types of aid, and place sanctions on people who were "responsible for or engaged in actions that undermine democratic processes in Ukraine or that threaten its peace or territorial integrity, acts of significant corruption in Ukraine, or the commission of serious human rights abuses."〔 The bill was introduced into the United States House of Representatives during the 113th United States Congress. Other bills attempting to provide support for the Ukraine included the Support for the Sovereignty, Integrity, Democracy, and Economic Stability of Ukraine Act of 2014 (S. 2124; 113th Congress) and the To provide for the costs of loan guarantees for Ukraine (H.R. 4152; 113th Congress).〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://beta.congress.gov/bill/113th-congress/house-bill/4152 )〕 ==Background== The 2014 Ukrainian revolution〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-26302277 ) 〕 began with civil unrest in Kiev, Ukraine, as part of Ukraine's ongoing Euromaidan protest movement against the government. The conflict escalated rapidly, leading to the downfall of the government of President Viktor Yanukovych and the setting up of a new government to replace it within a few days.〔 Yanukovych fled to Russia, and is wanted in Ukraine for the killing of protesters. The conflict continued with the 2014 Crimean crisis when Russian forces seized control of the Crimea region. The 2014 Crimean crisis began in late February 2014 in the aftermath of the Ukrainian Revolution, when—after months of protests by Euromaidan and days of violent clashes between protesters and police in the Ukrainian capital Kiev—the President of Ukraine, Viktor Yanukovych, fled the capital on February 21. The Verkhovna Rada (the parliament of Ukraine) subsequently voted unanimously to impeach Yanukovych.〔("Update: The Ukrainian Parliament declared that President Yanukovych has failed to perform his duties hence he is relieved from the post of president" Forbes What Does The Future Hold For Ukraine )〕〔Parliament votes 328-0 to impeach Yanukovych on Feb. 22; sets May 25 for new election; Tymoshenko free (VIDEO) Feb. 23, 2014, 2:39 a.m. https://www.kyivpost.com/content/kyiv/euromaidan-rallies-in-ukraine-feb-21-live-updates-337287.html〕 This was followed by the interim appointment of the Yatsenyuk Government, as well as the appointment of a new Acting President of Ukraine, Oleksandr Turchynov. However, Russian President Vladimir Putin has said President Yanukovych was illegally impeached and that Russia continues to regard him as Ukraine’s legitimate president.〔(United Nations News Centre - UN Security Council action on Crimea referendum blocked )〕〕}} Russia describes the Yatsenyk government as "self-proclaimed" and the events in Kiev as a "coup d'etat".}}〕}}〕}} Yanukovych supporters point out that not enough members of the parliament were present for the vote to reach the three-fourths majority required to impeach a President according to the Constitution of Ukraine.〔http://www.huffingtonpost.com/john-feffer/who-are-these-people-anyw_b_4964526.html Who Are These 'People,' Anyway?〕 Beginning on February 26, pro-Russian forces gradually took control of the Crimean peninsula. Russia claimed that the uniformed men were local self-defense forces, but they are generally claimed in Western media to be Russian military personnel without insignia. On February 28, President Barack Obama's statement was released warning Russia not to intervene in Crimea. The statement said that President Obama is "deeply concerned by reports of military movements taken by the Russian Federation inside of Ukraine." It added that "any violation of Ukraine's sovereignty and territorial integrity would be deeply destabilizing, which is not in the interest of Ukraine, Russia, or Europe" and that it would be "a clear violation of Russia's commitment to respect the independence and sovereignty and borders of Ukraine, and of international laws." On March 1, Obama held a phone conversation with Putin and said that the Russian invasion was a "violation of Ukrainian sovereignty and territorial integrity ... (a ) breach of international law." He warned of "greater political and economic isolation" and threatened to withdraw the United States from the 40th G8 summit chaired by Russia. Secretary of State John Kerry then labeled and condemned Russia's "invasion" of Ukraine on March 2 in an interview for ''Face the Nation''. He called it an "incredible act of aggression," and said that "you just don't in the 21st century behave in 19th century fashion by invading another country on completely trumped up pretext." On March 3, National Security Council spokeswoman Caitlin Hayden announced that the United States would not send a presidential delegation to the 2014 Winter Paralympics in Sochi (which was to be led by Tammy Duckworth), "in addition to other measures we are taking in response to the situation in Ukraine." As with the British boycott effort, it will not affect the country's participation in the Games themselves.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=USA won't send presidential delegation to Sochi Paralympics )〕 On March 5, 2014, U.S. Representative Hal Rogers introduced the bill To provide for the costs of loan guarantees for Ukraine (H.R. 4152; 113th Congress), a bill that would provide loan guarantees to Ukraine of up to $1 billion, part of the American response to the 2014 Russian military intervention in Ukraine. On March 6, 2014, the House voted in (Roll Call Vote 114 ) to pass the bill 385-23.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://beta.congress.gov/bill/113th-congress/house-bill/4152/all-actions/ )〕 On March 25, 2014, Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid indicated that United States Senate would vote on this bill on March 27, 2014, but only after amending it to include provisions that would put sanctions "against anyone deemed by the president to have undermined Ukraine's security or independence, or to have engaged in corruption in Ukraine or Russia."〔 On March 6, Obama signed Executive Order 13660, ''Blocking Property of Certain Persons Contributing to the Situation in Ukraine'', authorizing sanctions against persons who, being determined by the Secretary of the Treasury in consultation with the Secretary of State, have violated or assisted in the violation of Ukraine's sovereignty.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Sanctions: US and EU action on Ukraine )〕 On March 11, the Supreme Council of Crimea and the City Council of Sevastopol adopted a joint resolution expressing their intention to unilaterally declare Crimea's independence from Ukraine as a single united nation with the possibility of joining the Russian Federation as a federal subject. In a referendum on March 16, officials said that nearly 96% of those who voted in Crimea supported joining Russia.〔(Crimea Applies to Join Russia )〕 Election officials said the turnout was a record high,〔(Crimea referendum: Voters 'back Russia union' ), BBC, March 16, 2014〕 although many Tatars and opponents of the referendum were reported to have boycotted the vote.〔(Crimea election chief reports 95% vote to secede, half of ballots counted ) ''CBC'' Retrieved on March 16, 2014〕 On March 17, the Crimean parliament officially declared its independence from Ukraine and requested to join the Russian Federation.〔(Crimean parliament formally applies to join Russia ), BBC, March 17, 2014〕 On March 18, President Putin reclaimed Crimea as a part of Russia on both moral and material grounds, citing the principle of self-determination and Crimea's strategic importance for Russia.〔(Uriel Abulof, Self-Determination, Redux? ), Huffingtonpost, March 20, 2014〕 On March 12, 2014, U.S. Senator Robert Menendez introduced the Support for the Sovereignty, Integrity, Democracy, and Economic Stability of Ukraine Act of 2014 (S. 2124; 113th Congress), a bill that would provide funds to implement a U.S. quota increase at the International Monetary Fund (IMF), rescind other funds previously appropriated for the IMF, and provide or authorize various forms of assistance to Ukraine and the surrounding region.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.cbo.gov/sites/default/files/cbofiles/attachments/s2124_0.pdf )〕 It would require sanctions on individuals responsible for violence, corruption, human rights abuses, or undermining stability in Ukraine, and would authorize sanctions on certain individuals in Russia.〔 On March 24, 2014, the Senate voted 78-17 to advance the bill to floor consideration. Consideration of the bill was withdrawn, however, the next day, after a decision by Majority Leader Harry Reid.〔 Instead of continuing with this bill and it's controversial International Monetary Fund provisions, the Senate was to take up a House-passed bill already offering Ukraine loan guarantees, amending it to add sanctions provisions.〔 The Ukrainian parliament has stated that the referendum is unconstitutional. The United States and the European Union said they consider the vote to be illegal, and warned that there may be repercussions for the Crimean ballot.〔(Obama: US, EU Prepared to Penalize Russia for Crimea Ballot ), VOA, March 16, 2014〕 On 17 March, Obama signed Executive Order 13661, ''Blocking Property of Additional Persons Contributing to the Situation in Ukraine'', which expanded the scope of the previous sanctions imposed by EO 13660, to include the freezing of certain Russian government officials' assets in the US and blocking their entry into the US. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ukraine Support Act」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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